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Fashion became sober in the 1930s. On October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday, the stock market crashed. Investments lost all value. Billions of dollars--sums that in today's market would represent trillions--vanished. Unemployment soared. The Midwest experienced severe drought, turning into a "Dustbowl" in which nothing could grow. Purchasing power collapsed, and designers responded by cutting prices and expanding the ready-to-wear market. Accessories became significant: tiny clutch handbags, scarves, berets, and wide-brimmed hats. Long strands of leftover beads from the roaring twenties were slung over the back. Jewelry was simple, made of marcosite, jet, and plastic. Hemlines dropped with the economy, and the natural waistline returned. Elegant evening wear was cut on the bias, often backless, with drape and bow accents. Gores and flares kept the look narrow. Asymmetrical fasteners were popular. Women updated the 1920s short skirts by adding panels of fabric or fur (sometimes faux). Innovations in textiles continued. Nylon stockings replaced rayon. In 1931, a forerunner of lycra appeared called Lastex that made clothes stretchy and comfortable. Colors were somber: black, brown, navy, gray, and green. Motoring clothes were popular, and women often wore suits. Movies became America's entertainment and escape. Hollywood provided dreamy luxury in stark contrast to everyday reality. |
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